In our days, German machine tool makers accuse their Chinese competitors of violating patent rights and illegally imitating German technology. A century ago, however, German machine tool makers used exactly the same methods to imitate American technology. To understand the dynamics of this...

Die mechanischen Werkstätten der Handelsgesellschaft Jacobi, Haniel und Huyssen sind Bestandteil eines Großkonzerns und nichtsdestotrotz ein Musterbeispiel für die Produktionsform der flexiblen Spezialisierung. In diesem Betrieb in Sterkrade bei Oberhausen wurden maßgeschneiderte...

On their intensive margins, firms in the British engineering industry adjusted to the severe falls in demand during the 1930s Depression by cutting hours of work. This provided an important means of reducing labour input and marginal labour costs, through movements from overtime to short-time...