This chapter surveys the classificatory approaches of business cycles and crises theories found in dictionary articles. These are found to belong to a surprisingly small number of types. At first, dictionary writers only cited the theories they wanted to disprove. Then (especially in Germany in...

From the standpoint of policies, the different branches of economics may be aggregated into two categories: dirigiste and laissez fairist. Dirigiste theories in economics have been based primarily on the complexity of commodities: this allows commodities to be ranked according to the...

The evolution of history as an academic discipline began in the 19th century. The role of the German historians in making the discipline cannot be underestimated as Leopold von Ranke is deemed the ‘father of history’. The impeccable role of the father of Sociology, Auguste Comte can also not...

Deutschland weist im Umgang mit finanziellen Fragen einige Besonderheiten auf. Dazu gehören die geringen Erträge der umfangreichen internationalen Anlagen dieser exportorientierten Volkswirtschaft, die auch Jahrzehnte nach dem ersten Befund unzureichende Bereitstellung von Risikokapital und...