"The Catholic Church has been making saints for centuries, typically in a two-stage process featuring beatification and … naming of blessed persons seems to reflect a response by the Catholic Church to competition from Protestantism or …

The Catholic Church has been making saints for centuries, typically in a two-stage process featuring beatification and … naming of blessed persons seems to reflect a response by the Catholic Church to competition from Protestantism or …

secularization. We construct a unique panel dataset of advanced-school enrollment and Protestant church attendance in German cities … negatively related to church attendance. In panel models with lagged explanatory variables, educational expansion precedes … reduced church attendance …