Estonia has the highest gender wage gap in the European Union and the highest degree of gender segregation by …

common to attribute them to discrimination by the employer that is rooted in prejudice against female workers. Yet recent … empirical evidence suggests that, to a large extent, the gaps reflect “monopsonistic” wage discrimination—that is, employers …

We investigate gender discrimination and its variation between firms, occupations, and industries with a factorial … grades, age, information about activities since leaving school, parents' occupations etc. Discrimination against women varies …

with the Eurobarometer measure of perceived overall gender discrimination. Our findings suggest that family leave policies … and institutions that facilitate the leave to work transition and the work-family balance are crucial to tackle the gender …There are considerable differences in gender unemployment gaps across the EU. We use labor force survey data on 21 …

smaller extent by a decline in the gender wage gap. The gap has declined least among higher earning women - the average wage … effects of parenthood by gender. …