average, LAC's pension systems are subsidized, as they provide pensions above what workers would have obtained by investing … replacement rates (pensions relative to earnings) for low-income workers. Despite this progressivity, in some countries, absolute … much more progressive, but still, because low-income workers do not qualify for minimum pensions, between 50-60% of …

over the function of providing pensions. They find that state provision crowds out private provision and places a … that are imposed on the private sector and which make pensions incomprehensible. Furthermore, as the authors show, the … ageing populations may make meaningful reform of government pensions programmes impossible, as 'grey' electors flex their …

pensions in the UK by discussing how pension systems outside the UK have been affected by the economic and financial crisis … in the case of pay-as-you-go state pensions and defined-benefit occupational pensions, theory would suggest that the … countries in the realm of pensions since the onset of the crisis in the second half of 2007. These countries have been chosen as …

health insurance and pensions. Benefit bundling may increase informality and decrease welfare. Indeed, if some of the …

and that rural residents continue to work until advanced ages. Differences in access to generous pensions and economic …