We consider a principal-agent relationship, where the agent is subject to a double moral hazardproblem (the choice of production effort and earnings manipulation). Since the agent cannot completely capture the results of his effort, the production effort is socially inefficient. The opportunity...

Ethical-factor investing shall be defined as using ethics, such as an enterprise’s policies regarding social/economic/health/environmental justice, sustainability, climate change, or corporate governance, as a factor to determine whether to acquire, dispose of, or how to exercise ownership...

Ethical-factor investing shall be defined as using ethics, such as an enterprise’s policies regarding social/economic/health justice, sustainability, climate change, or corporate governance, as a factor to determine whether to acquire, dispose of, or how to exercise ownership rights in an...

The paper seeks to explain the huge cross country variation in private pension funding,shaped by historical choice made when universal pension systems were created after theGreat Depression. According to Perotti and von Thadden (2006), large inflationaryshocks due to war damage devastated middle...

Ethical-factor investing is investment decision-making that takes into account ethical factors. Part 1 described the three prudent approaches to ethical-factor investing: (1) the Incorporation approach, which does the right thing only if it improves financial returns; (2) the Tie-Breaker...

Ethical-factor investing is investment decision-making that takes into account ethical factors. It includes faith-based investing, Environmental, Social or Governance (ESG) investing, and sustainable investing. It is becoming more and more widespread. This has occurred despite a lack of widely...

This study investigates whether pre-meeting vote disclosures by large asset owners can amplify the influence of their votes at shareholders' meetings. We utilize the newly adopted 2019 rule that mandates Korea’s National Pension Service (NPS) to disclose voting decisions before the...

This study examined the profit-share pension model as a potential vehicle for generating capital accumulation and effecting a progressive redistribution of wealth. Taking the functions of the pension mechanism as the guiding principle, we attempted to incorporate a profit-share fund into a three...