A new algorithm for clustering life course trajectories is presented and tested with large register data. Life courses are represented as sequences on a monthly timescale for the working-life with an age span from 16–65. A meaningful clustering result for this kind of data provides interesting...

There are theoretical foundations which allow hypothesizing on a positive association of life expectancy or retirement age with income. If both cannot be falsified, the relationship of income and the internal rate of return of a public pension system is not straight forward. By application of a...

This paper seeks to clarify the current debate surrounding individual accounts by exploring systematically the variety of structural and administrative arrangements that either have been proposed for individual account systems in this country or have been adopted in other parts of the world....