Do environmental conditions pose greater health risks to individuals living in urban or rural areas? The answer is theoretically ambiguous: while urban areas have traditionally been associated with heightened exposure to environmental pollutants, the economies of scale and density inherent to...

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Contents -- Figures and Table -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cities and Planetary Health : Why Urban Issues Matter -- 3 Evidence and Challenges for Urban Health Initiatives in International Development -- 4 Identifying and Addressing...

Many studies have shown that childhood circumstances can have long term consequences that persist until old age. To better understand the transmission of early life circumstances, this paper analyses the effects of health and financial situation during childhood on quality of life after...