children in Black families did not explain such racial disparities. Conclusions: The economic gain of parental education on … encompasses residential segregation, low quality of education, low paying jobs, discrimination in the labor market, and extra … costs of upward social mobility for minorities, Black families face more challenges for leveraging their education to escape …

formation of health capital and the role played by genetic endowments, parental SES, and education. To measure genetic … designed to predict the highest level of education achieved in life. We find that the EA PGI demonstrates stronger effects on … explained by education as a mechanism. We provide suggestive evidence for the mechanisms behind estimated relationships …

of individuals surveyed in their early twenties. The inclusion of early life household wealth, parental education and …