This study quantifies gender-specific differences in retirement income in Germany, Denmark, and France. We show that … the "gender pension gap" in Germany is higher than in France and much higher than in Denmark. This ranking is similar to … the ranking in the gender pay gap, where Germany has also the highest gender difference. The authors also investigate …

makers when implementing policies to combat race and ethnic, and gender gaps in the labor market …

makers when implementing policies to combat race and ethnic, and gender gaps in the labor market. …

race discrimination in this country. Participating in these efforts, psychologists and other social scientists have …-documented race-based physical health disparities that affect this population. With newly emerging methodologies in both measurement … locates the cause of race-based health disparities in the external effects of the contextual social space on the internal …