The impacts of exercise and physical activity on healthcare utilization of older adults have been studied using either (1) clinical trials or retrospective cohort studies focusing on older people who participated in various exercise intervention programs, or (2) survey data. This review focuses...

We investigate how prenatal participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) impacts health care utilization and immunizations within the first year of an infant’s life. We utilize unique, comprehensive South Carolina Medicaid claims data in...

The article focused on cost effectiveness of HIV/AIDS prevention strategies in Nigeria. It was designed as a case study. Data were sourced from the Anambra State Agency for HIV/AIDS prevention in Awka and the centres for HIV/AIDS prevention established by NGOs in 2 Awka, Onitsha, and Nnewi. Data...

Objective. To understand whether US and Canadian breast, colorectal and prostate cancer screening test utilization is consistent with US and Canadian cancer screening guideline information with respect to the age of screening initiation. Design. Cross-sectional, regression discontinuity....

Anecdotal evidence suggests that the loss of health insurance results in changes in health behavior that reduces the risk or severity of illness. While ex ante moral hazard is nearly always mentioned as a potential consequence of health insurance, it is equally as often noted that ex ante moral...

Background: The HIV epidemic in Pakistan is at present concentrated among high-risk groups including IDUs. Pakistan has approx. 75 000 IDUs - 12 300 are living in Karachi. The HIV prevalence rate among the IDUs in Karachi is 26%. During 2005 and 2006 Pakistan Society, an NGO working for...

Drug abuse and transmission of HIV during pregnancy are public health problems that adversely affect pregnant women, their children and surrounding communities. Programs that address this vulnerable population have the ability to be cost-effective due to resulting cost savings for mother, child...

Infectious disease is currently the main cause of mortality in the world and has been even more important historically. This paper reviews recent research in economic epidemiology. Specifically, it examines the occurrence of infectious diseases and the effects of public health interventions...

The authors provide comparable evidence on the patterns and trends in obesity across the Atlantic and analyze whether there are economic rationales for public intervention to control obesity. They take into account equity issues as well as efficiency considerations, which are organized around...

Objectives: Low-income women have high rates of smoking during pregnancy, but little is known about the costs, benefits, and cost-effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI), focused on the medical and psychosocial needs of this population, as an intervention for smoking cessation and...