of violent civil conflict in nineteenth-century Colombia. Empirically studying the relationship between democracy and … violence in nineteenth-century Colombia was a technology for political elites to compete for the rents from power, and that … democracy constituted an alternative way to compete which substituted violence …

Wartime sexual violence is widespread across conflict zones and thought to leave a disastrous legacy for survivors … sexual violence are fraught with severe data limitations. Based on individual-level survey evidence from three conflict … violence. Second, we estimate the effect of sexual violence on key outcomes of social and political development: civic …

civil war. Data come from a survey of 3,600 respondents conducted in late-2008, about nine months after the violence. We …. Intriguingly, we also find that the program had positive effects related to Kenya’s post-election violence. Participants in the … program who subsequently were affected by the violence were less likely (relative to non-participants who were later affected …

During the last decade, forced internal displacement in Colombia has been a growing phenomenon closely linked to the … the level of violence at the origin site is not only the dominant factor of displacement behavior, but also that in a …

This paper proposes a new identification strategy to estimate the causal impact of illicit drug markets on violence … municipalities that we use as an instrument to uncover the causal effect of illegal cocaine markets on violence. We find that a 10 … violence as different armed groups fight each other, the government and the civil population for their control and extraction …

This paper explores the importance of the risk of violence on the decision making of rural households, using a unique …), we develop a dynamic consumption model where economic risk and the risk of violence are explicitly included. Theoretical … violence and the presence of illegal crops on the decision to continue coffee production and on the percentage of the farm …