We consider a model of international unions where countries have heterogeneous preferences for integration and their integration decisions are strategic complements. We analyze equilibrium integration under different integration protocols and characterize the preferences of countries over...

The paper investigates whether unionisation has a spillover effect on wellbeing by comparing non-members in union and non-union workplaces. To this end, it adapts the social custom model of trade unions and goes on to conduct empirical analyses using linked employer-employee data and alternative...