Labor unions, chiefly through collective organizing and bargaining, almost universally increase the wages of their members, even after controlling for individual, job, firm, and other characteristics that affect pay (Fang and Verma 2002). This earnings advantage of union workers is known as the...

Labor unions, chiefly through collective organizing and bargaining, almost universally increase the wages of their members, even after controlling for individual, job, firm, and other characteristics that affect pay (Fang and Verma 2002). This earnings advantage of union workers is known as the...