We study the implications of incarceration for the earnings and employment of different groups, characterized by their … other persistent and transitory nonemployment and earnings risks, and accounts for nonresponse bias. We estimate the model … individuals. The consequences of incarceration are enormous: First-time incarceration reduces expected lifetime earnings by 39 …

We estimate the (causal) effects of low skill immigration on the performance of Italian manufacturing firms. We find … low skilled immigration in Italy may have hampered the transition to an economic structure characterized by high …