present. The finding raises the question of whether establishment-level codetermination reduces gender wage discrimination or … the hypothesis that establishment-level codetermination reduces gender-specific wage discrimination. …

correct for potential endogeneity and selection bias in the earnings function. Attempts to correct for endogeneity is made … using instrumental variables method as well as using lag values of potentially endogenous variables in the earnings model …, earnings are found to be significantly lower for female-headed firms and firms owned by socially-marginalized groups …

This paper evaluates the hypothesis that the difference between reported earnings and permanent earnings approximates … zero, on average. We measure a firm's permanent earnings using its stock price, and the short term interest rate determines … the permanent earnings to price relation. The hypothesis corresponds to the idea that a firm's capitalized reported …