reporting emphasis assigned to these metrics. On the other hand, we find no evidence that firms use pro forma earnings to … significantly less likely to use pro forma earnings disclosures and to assign reporting emphasis than mandatory adopters. Taken …

forma reporting imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). First, we find that investors appear to pay more attention … disclosures more in the post-SOX period. Finally, our results imply that the regulation of pro forma reporting has increased the … are consistent with the conclusions that (1) the quality of pro forma reporting has improved following SOX, and (2 …

, firms that engage in pro forma reporting are concentrated in high-technology industries, have greater sales growth and …

I argue that external financial reporting quality has at best a 2nd order effect on firm value of U.S. publicly traded … companies and that attempts to improve a firm's external reporting quality has a 3rd order effect on these firms' value …. Recognizing that external financial reporting quality is at best a 2nd order effect on firm value imposes an important external …

This study investigated the influence of human capital reporting on earnings of quoted manufacturing companies in …