Smallholders often have to certify according to international standards and produce under contract for large agro …-agro-business relationships and contract success. This is what this article does. Data of 386 smallholders in the pineapple export sector in Ghana …

seen as a valuable alternative for developing countries with many smallholders. Using value chain analysis for the case of … feasibility and profitability of organic small-scale production. Even though smallholders tend to have quality problems with their … organic and conventional smallholders. The results indicate that organic production is more profitable for smallholders than …