The living mechanism has limited life in nature; it will age and die with time. This article describes that during the progressive process, the aging mechanism is very important to keep a swarm diverse. In the quantum behavior particle swarm (QPSO) algorithm, the particles are aged and the...

Historical Note on Unconstrained Optimization and Quantum Calculus -- Basics of Unconstrained Optimization and Quantum Calculus -- Quantum-Steepest Descent Method with Quasi-Fejér Convergence -- Quantum- Fletcher-Reeves Conjugate Gradient Method -- Quantum-Polak-Ribière-Polyak -- Conjugate...