This paper empirically investigates the impact of tariffs when production is organized in global value chains. Using … tariffs at different stages of the production chain for a broad set of countries and industries. Our results suggest that … tariffs have significant effects on economic outcomes, including on countries and sectors not directly targeted. We find that …

environments. Besides traditional tariffs, exporting firms need to comply with regulatory non-tariff measures (NTMs) in the form of … challenge to MNEs' subsidiaries' activity and performance than tariffs do. High-tech manufacturing subsidiaries of foreign MNEs …

technologically advanced country can impose an import tariff on intermediates to lower foreign wages and increase national welfare. An … import tariff is ineffective for the technologically backward economy, which can instead lower institutional quality and … beneficial trade agreement may not exist if the import tariff has an upper bound. …

interests within the World Trade Organization (WTO) puts into question its ability to achieve its central objective of free …

The world economy has become more open and integrated in recent years. Countries are more engaged in international … mind when they talk about the 'internalisation' or 'globalisation' of the world economy. While the general trend toward … disagreement on whether all this is on balance good or bad - for the world economy and for individual countries and their citizens …

are redefining and perhaps reversing what have been the drivers of world trade since the end of the Cold War in 1989 …