. The paper identifies conditions under which outsourcing to a low-wage country is a "friend" or an "enemy" to domestic …

This paper analyses how international outsourcing affects plant productivity, with the major contribution lying in the … affiliates, tfp increases are lower, insignificant and sometimes negative. On the other hand, a higher intensity of outsourcing …, indigenous non-exporters are found to increase tfp for two periods after entering into international outsourcing, while …

-house offshoring to China is a major determinant of Dutch import growth from China. Dutch firms tend to offshore production in …

offshoring on the labor market can substantially deviate from standard neoclassical conclusions when search frictions hinder … exploiting offshoring. It implies that automation (offshoring) may reduce (raise) employment by lengthening (shortening …