This paper highlights the contribution of foreign forces to the development of Francophone Africa. The major forces are in two blocs, mainly the Western countries and Asian emerging countries. Each bloc on its part is contributing to the development of Francophone African countries in various...

"Since the 1990s, several emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) have, to varying degrees, embraced the process of financial globalisation, broadly defined as a set of policies that involve allowing for greater openness to cross-border capital flows as well as greater market access to...