From the 1960s onwards, the global community became much more aware of the phenomena of air and water pollution and land contamination. Moreover, over the last three decades, the issues of climate change, loss of biodiversity, desertification, drought, and land degradation have become much more...

Soil is the foundation of life, yet the international community has all but ignored it in conservation efforts and legal reforms. Right under our feet we are losing topsoil at rates that far outpace nature’s ability to keep up. Erosion, salinization, desertification, nutrient depletion,...

In 2007 Swiss RE was striving to maximize economic value, a metric that would allow the company to assess its performance over time despite the volatility of the reinsurance industry. Maximizing economic value required that decision makers throughout the company understood the risk profiles of...