Competitive pressures for EU industries have mounted because the international division of labour through trade has been complemented by corporate globalisation strategies. The EU is shown to' have dealt with this challenge less successfully than the other two members of the Triad. So far, it...

This paper examines the involvement of the CEECs into regional and global production networks over the period 1999 to 2009. We employ a theoretically justified gravity model which incorporates the extensive margin of trade and accounts for firm heterogeneity. We first estimate the model for...