Paying particular attention to firm founders' international orientation, the factors that influence the success of start-up firms originating from universities are investigated; more specifically, whether university researchers who have launched new ventures are globally oriented enough to survive...

This paper investigates Samuelson's (JEP, 2004) argument that technical progress of the trade partner may hurt the home country. We illustrate this prospect in a simple Ricardian model for sitations with outward knowledge spillovers. Within this framework Samuelson's Act II effects may occur....