Fears of increasing inequality play a dominant role in current debates on how globalization is affecting our economies. After a brief review of recent trends in wage inequality, this policy paper presents new insights on the dynamic effect of trade liberalization on wage inequality. In the...

Fears of rising wage inequality and job loss loom large in current debates on free trade. Surprisingly, however, there exists little academic research on how to compensate those who lose from free trade. This policy paper reviews the existing theoretical literature on trade and compensation, and...

Fears of job losses and of increasing inequality loom large in current debates on how globalization is affecting our economies. By fundamentally changing the organization of production and work, globalization creates complex and changing patterns of winners and losers. Globalization thus creates...

Today international society faces a challenge in addressing the global financial and economic crises. Never-ending debates on the key causes of financial crises shows there is uncertainty in financial matter. Unlike risk, uncertainty cannot be forecasted by mathematical and stochastic methods....

Trade theory traces back different patterns of internationalization to heterogeneity between firms, measured both through differences in productivity levels and size. In this paper we analyze the link between heterogeneity within sectors and internationalization choices, namely trade and foreign...

The first wave of globalization, commonly dated from 1870 to 1913, was not only a more gradual phenomenon throughout the 19th century, but closely related with the emergence of most the Western European Offshoots as developed economies. The massive transfer of human capital and transplant of...

The paper aims to trace the development of analytical frameworks for global value chains (GVC). This is not an encyclopedic literature survey; it focuses only on the strands of research that explicitly consider vertical (supply–use) relations of cross-border production sharing and their impact...

From a macroeconomic perspective, the historical evolution of trade and commerce has been closely entangled in a two-way or paradoxical relationship with the evolution of laws, in which one is inextricably linked to the other and both mutually influence each other. At the microeconomic level,...

We propose a novel indicator to capture pressures that arise at the global supply chain level, the Global Supply Chain Pressure Index (GSCPI). The GSCPI provides a new monitoring tool to gauge global supply chain conditions. We assess the index's capacity to explain inflation outcomes, using the...

Globalization might affect the mix of jobs available in an economy and the rate at which workers gain skills. We develop a model in which firms differ in terms of productivity and skills and use the model to examine how globalization affects the wage distribution and the career path of workers...