The rise of global supply chains has had profound effects on individual economies and the global trading system, thereby complicating standard macroeconomic analyses. For many of the new and challenging questions brought about by this phenomenon, such as its impact on the global business cycle...

One of the important goals of trade facilitation is to lower the costs of trade that serve as a barrier to the developing countries from enjoying the benefits of increased trade and becoming integrated into global supply chains that account for nearly 60 percent of global trade today. The high...

This paper attempt to survey some political considerations that ended in the launching of the Summit of the Americas. This is a manifestation of the new uprising showed by the globalization process. We here by put into perspective economic assumptions that were conceived to launch the free trade...

The paper explores how international integration through global value chains shapes the working of exchange rates to induce external adjustment both in the short and medium run. The analysis indicates that greater integration into international value chains reduces the exchange rate elasticity...

This paper presents the most comprehensive and up-to-date panel data set of invoicing currencies in global trade. It provides data on the shares of exports and imports invoiced in US dollars, euros, and other currencies for more than 100 countries since 1990. The evidence from these data...

When firms trade in “tasks” rather than in final products, the weight of tariffs and transportation costs on factory prices and on international competitiveness is magnified. With goods crossing national borders many times before reaching the final consumer, these trading costs are also...

A presentation of the new Panama Canal (opening in 2016) in the context of global economic change, containerized shipping technologies and a worldwide multi-modal shipping system. Five determinants are identified to assess the prospects of Panamanian centrality in global shipping over the coming...

Global value chains (GVC) are undergoing a transformation as business focus on building resilience. Services and data are already adding value to GVC, particularly manufacturing GVC. Global data flows and digital technologies such as cloud computing and AI enable growth in digitally enabled...

This paper discusses the pitfalls of trade protectionism and argues the case for free trade. An extensive bibliography on trade is also included, which has links to more than 100 articles on various aspect of trade