The part of the port industry that serves international trade flows, competes and satisfies demand with global characteristics. Port services production and supply, within an open market, can only be governed by global regulations, and should be taken into account by those who wish to implement...

Worldwide, most global cities are located in coastal zones, but a paradox of sustainability is especially striking for American global cities. This article examines such paradox drawn between globalization-induced development and coastal ecosystems. It focuses on two developmental components...

The nature of the international traffic demanded uniting of the rules by which it is being executed. This process is performed by unification aiming to create uniform rules and harmonization/adjustment of rules that were not identical but had a common goal - the opening of the European railway...

This paper considers the evolution of global transportation usage over the past half century and its implications for supply chains. Transportation usage per unit of real output has more than doubled as costs decreased by a third. Participation of emerging economies in world trade and...

In this paper, we develop a global supply chain network model in which both physical and electronic transactions are allowed and in which supply-side risk as well as demand-side risk are included in the formulation. The model consists of three tiers of decision-makers: the manufacturers, the...