The relevance of services FDI strongly increased over the last two decades. As services and goods differ with respect to important characteristics, one may expect that the determinants of internationalisation are not identical in services and manufacturing. Surprisingly, there is practically no...

The relevance of services FDI strongly increased over the last two decades. As goods and services differ with respect to important characteristics, one may expect that the determinants of internationalisation are not identical in manufacturing and the service sector. However, there is...

This paper analyses the impact of sourcing abroad on exporting in the case of Spanish manufacturing firms that are family-owned. Sourcing abroad can be a channel that places the firm in a better position to export, not only because it increases the productivity of the firm, but also because it...

As the process of globalisation of the world economy progresses, the degree of international competition among enterprises increases as well. Yet not all industries or branches are affected to the same extent by this development. One of the most important factors which determine the degree of...

Die Unternehmen stehen durch die fortschreitende Globalisierung der Weltwirtschaft in einem zunehmend internationalen Wettbewerb, wovon jedoch nicht alle Branchen im gleichen Ausmaß erfasst werden. Determiniert wird der Globalisierungsgrad einer Branche vor allem durch die Höhe der...

Fragmentation of production into more and more complex supply chains is a prominent feature of globalisation. It implies that transaction costs as part of total costs of ownership carry a large weight in procurement decisions. An analysis of the various types of transaction costs is also...

Trade costs such as applied tariffs, transportation and insurance costs are amplified as they pass through the multiple production steps associated with modern supply chains. This so called "cascade effect" arises since trade costs accumulate as intermediate goods are imported and then...

When firms trade in “tasks” rather than in final products, the weight of tariffs and transportation costs on factory prices and on international competitiveness is magnified. With goods crossing national borders many times before reaching the final consumer, these trading costs are also...

The geography of global value chains (GVCs) depends crucially on trade costs between countries hosting various stages of production. Some stages might be more sensitive to trade costs than others. In this paper, we exploit a value-added decomposition of bilateral trade flows to distinguish low...

Fragmentation of production into more and more complex supply chains is a prominent feature of globalization. It implies that transaction costs as part of total costs of ownership carry a large weight in procurement decisions. An analysis of the various types of transaction costs is also...