In recent years, firms have considerably decentralized their research and development (R&D) activities. Subsidiaries of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) are now among the top performers of R&D in many EU and non-EU countries. Specifically, MNE affiliates account for around 20% of total...

The paper studies the internationalization of business research and development (R&D) from 2003 up to 2017. It highlights three major results: first, R&D expenditure by foreign-owned firms has been growing, but more slowly than R&D expenditure of domestically owned firms. This is mainly due to...

The internationalisation of information and communication has accelerated since the 1990s in Europe and worldwide. Taking a close look at the empirical analysis of competitive trade positions, trends in foreign direct investment and the internationalisation of research and development in ICT...