This paper empirically investigates the impact of tariffs when production is organized in global value chains. Using … tariffs at different stages of the production chain for a broad set of countries and industries. Our results suggest that … tariffs have significant effects on economic outcomes, including on countries and sectors not directly targeted. We find that …

environments. Besides traditional tariffs, exporting firms need to comply with regulatory non-tariff measures (NTMs) in the form of … challenge to MNEs' subsidiaries' activity and performance than tariffs do. High-tech manufacturing subsidiaries of foreign MNEs …

management system. This can also stabilize the long-term trading system with the world on an overall balance of interest between …

growth of networks of interdependence within multinational regions of the world. The recent decades are characterized by the … fact that the world trade grew faster than world output, which implies that an increasing share of world GDP crosses … economic integration is being created within a few specific regions of the world: Europe, North America and East Asia …