An international economic order began to develop at the beginning of the 20th century, with the increasing cross-border integration of national economies and the emergence of foreign direct investments. The scale of worldwide technological progress and continuing commercial advancements at the...

The complexity of co-operation in cross-border competition law enforcement increased significantly between 1990 and 2011, underlining the urgency to improve techniques and tools of competition authority co-operation. As international trade has increased, the number of competition law enforcement...

Since China’s merger control regime under the Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) was established in 2008, the enforcement record has given rise to growing concern that the system is inherently biased against foreign multinationals. This article conducts an analysis of the evolution of China’s merger...

This paper addresses some fundamental issues surrounding Pakistan's contemporary competition law regime put in place by the enactment of the Competition Act, 2010. The paper comprises three parts and a conclusion. The first describes the globalization of competition laws - as has been the case...

Consideration of comity in antitrust cases is more important than ever. The global proliferation of competition law enforcement agencies has produced profound effects. Most are highly beneficial for consumers at a local level, but these many agencies create significant difficulties because they...

The United States stood virtually alone when it enacted its first antitrust statute in 1890. Today, almost all nations have adopted competition laws (the term used in most other nations), and US antitrust agencies interact with foreign enforc-ers on a daily basis. This globalization of antitrust...

This on-line casebook examines the fields of international antitrust and international trade law. In general, it examines how the United States and other jurisdictions regulate competition among firms which do business abroad. This will include how competition policy regulates individuals and...

The International Competition Network (ICN) celebrates its 20th birthday in 2020. It governs global competition by providing a cooperative forum for (mostly national) competition authorities from all around the world. In the absence of binding global competition rules and antitrust laws, it...

This paper discusses the normative foundation of a global competition regime. It asks: What kind of normative values do we need? What objectives ought we to pursue? Why value economic competition at such a tough time as this? Are the disputes on these issues in the US and EU jurisdictions likely...

This paper discusses the prospects and limits of combining the governance principles of multilevel governance and lead jurisdictions models for international antitrust. In doing so, it targets to contribute bridging a gap in the current world economic order, i.e. the lack of supranational...