The key result of the so-called "New Trade Theory" is that countries gain from falling trade costs by an increase in the number of varieties available to consumers. Though the number of varieties in a given country rises, it is also true that global variety decreases from increased competition...

We describe a simple model in which domestic firms decide whether to serve a foreign market through exports or horizontal foreign direct investment (FDI). This choice involves a trade-off between the higher variable trade costs associated with exports and the higher fixed set-up costs associated...

The world is awash in trade-distorting subsidies. Since the financial crisis of 2008, governments have adopted massive “stimulus” packages that have included taxpayer subsidies for industries, such as agriculture, alternative energy, and automobiles, which have distorted global markets, bred...

According to the year-end data for 2017, Russia's share in global exports of all the goods amounted to 2.0%, an increase of 0.2 p.p. on 2016 (1.8%). As compared to the pre-crisis 2013 year, the share of Russian exports on global markets of inorganic chemicals, mineral fuel, nickel, aluminum and...

A study of international value chains implies both estimating the scale of involvement of each country in the global economy and analysing the factors that influence the integration of companies based in different countries in value chains. The latter is of special interest due to the necessity...

Against the backdrop of the rise of global value chains (GVCs), particularly in Asia, this paper documents key developments of GVCs and investigates what factors cause economies to reap greater benefits from GVC participation. Key findings include: first, moving toward a more upstream position...

The aim of the research presented in this paper is to assess the competitive potential of Polish agriculture (potential competitiveness) and the competitive position of the Polish agri-food sector on the Single European Market (SEM) with reference to the global context. The conducted research...

Copyright is no longer a matter of promoting the progress of science in the words of the U.S. Constitution. It is now more than ever before a matter of trade. Furthermore, under the WTO's TRIPS Agreement, we now have a global copyright (Gcopy;) regime. The globalization of copyright law...

We investigate how protectionist policies influence economic growth. Our empirical strategy exploits an extraordinary tax scandal that gave rise to an unexpected change of government in Sweden. A free-trade majority in parliament was overturned by a protectionist majority in 1887. We employ the...