environments. Besides traditional tariffs, exporting firms need to comply with regulatory non-tariff measures (NTMs) in the form of … challenge to MNEs' subsidiaries' activity and performance than tariffs do. High-tech manufacturing subsidiaries of foreign MNEs …

technologically advanced country can impose an import tariff on intermediates to lower foreign wages and increase national welfare. An … import tariff is ineffective for the technologically backward economy, which can instead lower institutional quality and … beneficial trade agreement may not exist if the import tariff has an upper bound. …

This paper empirically investigates the impact of tariffs when production is organized in global value chains. Using … tariffs at different stages of the production chain for a broad set of countries and industries. Our results suggest that … tariffs have significant effects on economic outcomes, including on countries and sectors not directly targeted. We find that …

of the disruption in production that started in China and then quickly spread across the world. We find that the COVID-19 … shock has a considerable impact on most economies in the world, especially when a share of the labor force is quarantined …