The study examines the impact of globalization on the exports of Pakistan. Five years from 1965-1970 refer to Pre-Globalization and 2005-2010 as the post globalization period. Economic openness as indicator of globalization is measured for both time periods. Globalization is related to the...

The article considers the theoretical and methodological approaches to global value chains when measuring international trade. Global trends in the modern development of international trade are analysed, and the main challenges of international trade policy for Ukraine are characterised. It is...

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Introduction. Commodity Chains in Theory and in Latin American History -- 1 The Spanish-American Silver Peso: Export Commodity and Global Money of the Ancien Regime, 1550-1800 -- 2 Indigo Commodity Chains in the Spanish and British Empires, 1560-1860 -- 3 Mexican...

Examining the commodity chains that have connected producers in Latin America with consumers around the world for 500 years, this work follows a specific commodity from its inception, through its development and transport, to its final destination in the hands of consumers