The majority of the world's poor, by income poverty and multi-dimensional poverty, now live in countries officially classified by the World Bank as middle-income countries. Of course nothing happens when a country crosses a (somewhat) arbitrary threshold in per capita income but it does matter...

Some observers have questioned the rationale for continued engagement by international development institutions in middle-income countries. But these countries face development challenges calling for continued partnership with the international development community. Moreover, partnership with...

Introduction -- Promoting development: what works? -- Good governance and economic development -- Agricultural development for inclusive growth -- The DOHA development agenda: realizing the promise of global trade -- The truth about foreign aid -- Optimal debt relief for the poorest -- Postscript.

Aid for trade can support countries trying to further benefit from the expanding global market place by helping to address poorly performing infrastructure and institutions. Needless to say, good policies also matter: trade liberalization, improving incentives for private investment in trade,...