environments. Besides traditional tariffs, exporting firms need to comply with regulatory non-tariff measures (NTMs) in the form of … challenge to MNEs' subsidiaries' activity and performance than tariffs do. High-tech manufacturing subsidiaries of foreign MNEs …

This paper empirically investigates the impact of tariffs when production is organized in global value chains. Using … tariffs at different stages of the production chain for a broad set of countries and industries. Our results suggest that … tariffs have significant effects on economic outcomes, including on countries and sectors not directly targeted. We find that …