In international business, competitiveness is the crux of success, which means every effort has to be made to reduce the cost of production and marketing. Every single penny saved matters a lot and adds to an exporter's global competitiveness. One such area that needs to be looked into is refund...

In this chapter, we reflect on the issues of the traditional scope of VAT and how the VAT deals with the challenges created by the sharing economy, “free” digital services, and crypto-currencies. We consider the issues from the perspective of our own jurisdictions (Australia, South Africa,...

This latest edition of the preeminent text on the taxation of cross-border digital commerce transactions — formerly titled Electronic Commerce and International Taxation (1999), Electronic Commerce and Multijurisdictional Taxation (2001) — revises, updates, and expands the book's coverage....

This working paper gives a broad-sweep consideration to the future of VAT in a digital economy, focussing on four broad, interrelated questions: does anything need to be done, and if yes, who should do it, what should be done, and how should it be done? Noting the historical development of the...

The paper explores the origins of the Value Added Tax (VAT) and its rapid global rise from relative obscurity in the mid-twentieth century to its near worldwide adoption today. The paper highlights general trends in VAT design and provides a critical overview of the explanations provided for the...

E-commerce — the use of computer networks to facilitate transactions involving the production, distribution, sale, and delivery of goods and services in the marketplace — has grown from merely streamlining relations between consumer and business to a much more robust phenomenon embracing...