relationships are found and identified as export supply and demand. Overidentifying restrictions derived from economic theory are …A shortcoming of most empirical studies on aggregate exports is their exclusive focus on the demand side. Moreover, the … effect of globalization is often neglected leading to implausibly high income elasticities. This paper models export demand …

weekly frequency. We then test whether the demand and supply side components of steam coal trade are consistently integrated … coal ; market integration ; multivariate cointegration …In this paper, we provide a comprehensive multivariate cointegration analysis of three parts of the steam coal value …

This paper takes a new look at an old issue: the coal market integration in significant regions: Europe (East and West … thermal coal market as a global market is nuanced, it depends on geography and frequencies. Regarding geographies, we conclude … market. At business cycle frequencies, we conclude that coal markets are as much a global market as the oil market (except …

Public opinion related to the consumption of coal is directed primarily to its environmental impact in light of ongoing … efforts to reduce CO2 emissions and tackle global climate change. Nevertheless, the benefits of coal as a widely available and … will harness the potential of coal and its contribution to sustainable and equal energy spaces. …