According to its treaty, one of the primary objectives of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) is to achieve “development and economic growth” through regional integration. However, by the time of its creation in 1992, the powerful wind of globalization was already blowing...

This paper investigates whether Southern African Development Community countries that are vulnerable to changes in oil prices could instead substitute oil and petroleum products with biofuels and gas from within the region. A pooled mean group estimator was used to determine the impact of oil...