Drawing upon internalization theory, this study investigates the complex relationships involving firm-specific assets, multinationality, and financial performance. Through a meta-analysis of 120 independent samples reported in 111 studies, we test the predictions of internalization theory in the...

Purpose – The aim is to gain an increased understanding of the factors motivating managers toward internationalizing their firms. Design/methodology/approach – Attribution theory is employed in this study. Building upon the internationalization literature, an attribution model of...

Purpose – The ultimate purpose of this paper it to encourage international business scholars and managers to pay more attention to global social time when performing research and developing business strategy. Design/methodology/approach – Strategic reference point (SRP) theory is used as a...

Purpose – Given the ongoing globalization debate and lack of agreement about whether consumer cultures are predominantly globalizing, glocalizing, or localizing, the purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework designed to help clarify discussion and facilitate theoretical...