This study analyzes the effects of increased trade with China and Eastern Europe on manufacturing employment in 1 … increased import exposure from China for our sample of Western European countries, whereas spatial spillover effects turn out to …

During the last decades, the growth of trade between China and the Netherlands has been larger than the increase in … bilateral trade flows between China and most other countries. Using a time series based gravity model, this paper investigates …-house offshoring to China is a major determinant of Dutch import growth from China. Dutch firms tend to offshore production in …