exported. We propose a relative measure of VS-based trade that combines information from Input-Output matrices and … international trade data, producing results for a large sample of individual countries and geographical areas with a detailed … product breakdown over the 1967-2005 period. This measure identifies a country’s trade flow as associated with VS activities …

Portuguese economy. The empirical trade literature suggests different measures of fragmentation, changing the scope of the … Input-Output matrices together with international trade data and those that look at specific elements of international … transactions, namely trade in parts and components and outward-inward processing trade. In this paper, we survey the different …

played by trade and FDI in determining employment. The empirical results obtained lend support to globalization having a …

emergence of China as an exporting powerhouse. While research in economics had long acknowledged that trade with lower …-income countries could raise income inequality in Europe and the US, empirical estimates indicated only a modest contribution of trade … the unequal impacts of trade can manifest along different margins. Recent evidence from countries across Europe and the US …

trade contributes to economic growth, this could, in turn, impede economic development. Despite extensive literature on the … migration-trade nexus, there are few examples of policymakers highlighting the role of migration for internationalization. One …

strong though not definitive evidence of an ideological realignment in trade-exposed local labor markets that commences prior …, we find that trade exposed electoral districts simultaneously exhibit growing ideological polarization in some domains …-meaning expanding support for both strong-left and strong-right views-and pure rightward shifts in others. Specifically, trade …

Growing shares of international trade flows consist of intermediate and unfinished goods shipped from one country to … of international fragmentation of production in Europe, looking at how it affects relative labor demand. Models of trade … change in the relative factor intensities of the affected industries. We use international trade data specifically related to …