There are two contrasting views of pre-19th century trade and globalization. First there are the world history scholars like Andre Gunder Frank who attach globalization ‘big bang' significance to the dates 1492 (Christopher Columbus stumbles on America in search of spices) and 1498 (Vasco da...

This paper investigates the relationship between cultural globalization and economic growthin case of Portuguese over the period of 1995-2008 uisng panel data. Our emoirical eivdence reveals that the initial GDP per capita is negatively correlated with economic growth. This paper shows that...

This paper describes seven salient features of trade integration in the 21st century: Trade integration has been more rapid than ever (hyperglobalization); it is dematerialized, with the growing importance of services trade; it is democratic, because openness has been embraced widely; it is...

This paper uses a transformation of the period-by-period index proposed by Cerqueira and Martins(2009), to overcome some of it shortcomings, in a non-parametric estimation to analyze how business cycle synchronization for a sample of 111 countries evolved in the period 1960-2007 . The...

This paper uses a transformation of the period-by-period index proposed by Cerqueira and Martins (<CitationRef CitationID="CR10">2009</CitationRef>), to overcome some of its shortcomings, in a non-parametric estimation to analyze how business cycle synchronization for a sample of 111 countries evolved in the period 1960–2007. The...</citationref>