The analysis considers the impact of FDI inflows and FDI outflows and shows that the presence of (cumulated) FDI requires higher import elasticities in absolute terms than stated in the standard Marshall Lerner condition. One may derive a range for the elasticity of the ratio of exports to...

The Analysis puts the focus on links between EU-integration and globalization. The EU is active in the process of globalization, particularly through the EU single market and EU eastern enlargement. As regards major other impulses for economic globalization the focus is on technological progress...

Regional economic integration has made considerable progress in the world economy which raises new challenges with respect to institutional change and for national and international economic policy. We consider the options of integration policy and major shifts in regional gravity centers and...