differently. Our baseline calibration suggests that a 50 % reduction in imports of FCIs from China and other countries with …

domestic production, as imports of intermediate products used as inputs in exports also increase. Global Value Chains (GVCs …Exports serve as an engine of economic growth and can potentially help countries come out of poverty and unemployment …. However, as the production process is increasingly getting fragmented globally, greater exports no longer imply higher …

lifecycle. We document a sharp rise in the upstreamness of imports, stable positioning of exports, and rapid expansion in …

lifecycle. We document a sharp rise in the upstreamness of imports, stable positioning of exports, and rapid expansion in …