The liberal international legal order faces a legitimacy crisis today that becomes visible with the recent anti-internationalist turn, the rise of populism and the recent Russian invasion of Ukraine. Either its authority or legitimacy has been tested many times over the last three decades. The...

Notably, the 20th century was dominated by the legacy of devastating global wars, colonial struggles, and ideological conflicts as well as effort s to establish international systems that would foster global peace and prosperity. Yet, insecurity and corruption not only remain, they have become...

From the standpoint of policies, the different branches of economics may be aggregated into two categories: dirigiste and laissez fairist. Dirigiste theories in economics have been based primarily on the complexity of commodities: this allows commodities to be ranked according to the...

This paper provides an overview of the political economy literature dealing with questions related to global governance, with a particular focus on its democratization. It further outlines an ambitious research agenda for bringing global governance and its structures within the political economy...

This paper analyzes frameworks for the design of the rules for international trading, assuming that it is possible to have some rule of law. In the Arrow-Debreu benchmark, where there is no economic power and political power is seemingly irrelevant, there is no need for trade agreements - free...

We study how disruptions to the supply of foreign critical inputs (FCIs) - that is, inputs primarily sourced from extra-EU countries with highly concentrated supply, advanced technology products, or which are key to the green transition - might affect value added at different levels of...

China's position as the world's second largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) has been well documented. However, it is less well known that China has recently become an important supplier of global FDI. This briefing describes what is known about the magnitude and composition of...

Oil price shocks impact the global economy, but the effects are not alike across the countries. While higher oil prices are beneficial to oil-exporting countries, they are harmful to economic performance of oil-importing countries. The opposite is also true for the lower oil prices. Nonetheless,...

Oil price shocks impact the global economy, but the effects are not alike across the countries. While higher oil prices are beneficial to oil-exporting countries, they are harmful to economic performance of oil-importing countries. The opposite is also true for the lower oil prices. Nonetheless,...

This paper is an attempt to provide an ideological postulation of Adam Smith and Karl Marx on globalization. This paper gives a fair picture of the different dominant nations over a period of time from sixteen century till 2010. The industrialzation in Europe and later on in North America...