strong, positive impact of policy and globalization on cross-border patent flows, especially from North to South. A … counterfactual welfare analysis suggests that the increase in patent flows from North to South has benefited both regions, with South …

We study the technology sovereignty of Europe, the US, China, Japan, and Korea. By examining citations from PCT patents … China. Third, while Japan has shown a recent decline from its former leading position, Korea has maintained its global … influence. Finally, although China has filed the most patents in recent years, its dependence on all other countries amounts to …

. Although China has filed the most patent applications in recent years, bilaterally it remains dependent on all other geographic …We analyze the technology sovereignty of Europe, the US, China, Japan, and Korea, representing the world's leading … innovators. By examining citations from the universe of PCT patent applications between 2000 and 2020, we determine the strength …