When asked why the level of intra-regional trade in West Africa is low despite regional integration efforts, the literature highlights the poorly diversified structure of economies, the non-application of community arrangements, the inconsistency or mismanagement of trade policies, supply...

Exports are important drivers of economic growth and development. This study analyzed the factors influencing South Africa’s fruit exports to West African countries. The gravity model approach was used to analyse the data with panel data covering 1994 to 2016. The results showed that the model...

Working with a panel dataset of of OECD countries over the decade 1994-2004, we examine linkages between cross-border trade and FDI in the service sectors. We first develop a consistent analytical framework for the application of the gravity model jointly to services trade and commercial...