What caused the rise of ancient Greek city-states? To answer this question, I develop a model that synthesizes neo-institutionalist, neo-physiocrat, and neo-classical theories of development and advances a trade-based explanation consistent with the writing of classicists. Then, with a new...

Commerce, the merchant, and morality in seventeenth century Europe and in the nineteenth century Levant -- World and worldview of Greek merchant families : the testimony of Demetrius Vikelas -- The Mediterranean merchant : identities and charities of Giovanni di Niccolo Pappaffy -- Greek...